Day: November 23, 2022

Courtney, Timothy D. published the artcileLiquid-phase dehydration of propylene glycol using solid-acid catalysts, Recommanded Product: 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, the publication is Applied Catalysis, A: General (2012), 59-68, database is CAplus.

In this work we combine experiments with D. Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the heterogeneous dehydration of propylene glycol. The reactions were carried out with pure, liquid propylene glycol over MFI-framework zeolite catalysts or the mesoporous sulfonic-acid resin Amberlyst 36Dry. When Amberlyst 36Dry was used, propylene glycol dehydrated to form propionaldehyde with 77% selectivity. All of the propionaldehyde further reacted with propylene glycol to form a cyclic acetal. The final products consisted of 78% acetal, 13% dipropylene glycol, and the remaining 9% was composed of acetone and a cyclic ketal formed from acetone. The zeolite catalysts demonstrated significantly higher selectivity toward dipropylene glycol compared to Amberlyst 36Dry. Furthermore, the zeolite had a lower conversion to cyclic acetals, improving the selectivity toward C3 products, acetone and propionaldehyde. DFT calculations confirmed that propionaldehyde is the favorable product in both catalysts, since it can be formed either through dehydration of the secondary hydroxyl group or via dehydration of the primary hydroxyl group with a concerted pinacol rearrangement. However, in the case of zeolites, the cyclic acetals experience steric hindrance since their size is comparable to that of the zeolite pores. Thus we argue that the cyclic acetals produced over the zeolite catalyst were formed homogeneously from the C3 products which diffused out of the zeolite pores.

Applied Catalysis, A: General published new progress about 1193-11-9. 1193-11-9 belongs to dioxole, auxiliary class Dioxolanes, name is 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, and the molecular formula is C6H12O2, Recommanded Product: 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,3-Benzodioxole,
Dioxole | C3H4O2 – PubChem

Samoilov, Vadim O. published the artcileThe Joint Synthesis of 1,2-Propylene Glycol and Isopropyl Alcohol by the Copper-Catalyzed Hydrogenolysis of Solketal, Name: 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, the publication is ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering (2019), 7(10), 9330-9341, database is CAplus.

A synthetic strategy from glycerol to 1,2-propylene glycol (1,2-PG) via heterogeneously catalyzed hydrogenolysis of solketal (2,2-dimethyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolane) has been proposed for the first time. Upon the hydrogenolysis over 60 wt % Cu/Al₂O₃ at 200-240 °C, solketal has been converted into mixtures of isopropanol and 1,2-PG with high yield (up to 94 mol %). Under similar conditions, the catalyst specific productivity (a yield of 1,2-PG per unit of mass of the catalyst) was about 2.65 times higher, when solketal was the reaction feed instead of glycerol. The reaction was also performed under atm. pressure in the vapor phase, where the solketal hydrogenolysis gave 93 mol % selectivity to 1,2-PG with a conversion of 24%. A plausible reaction mechanism for the solketal hydrogenolysis has been proposed.

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering published new progress about 1193-11-9. 1193-11-9 belongs to dioxole, auxiliary class Dioxolanes, name is 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, and the molecular formula is C6H12O2, Name: 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,3-Benzodioxole,
Dioxole | C3H4O2 – PubChem

Samoilov, Vadim published the artcileBio-based solvents and gasoline components from renewable 2,3-butanediol and 1,2-propanediol: synthesis and characterization, Safety of 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, the publication is Molecules (2020), 25(7), 1723, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

In this study approaches for chem. conversions of the renewable compounds 1,2- propanediol (1,2-PD) and 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) that yield the corresponding cyclic ketals and glycol ethers have been investigated exptl. Cyclic ketals have been obtained by the direct reaction of the diols with lower aliphatic ketones (1,2-PD + acetone → 2,2,4-trimethyl1,3-dioxolane (TMD) and 2,3-BD + butanone-2 → 2-ethyl-2,4,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane (ETMD)), for which the ΔH⁰r, ΔS⁰r and ΔG⁰r values have been estimated exptl. The monoethers of diols could be obtained through either hydrogenolysis of the pure ketals or from the ketone and the diol via reductive alkylation. In the both reactions, the cyclic ketals (TMD and ETMD) have been hydrogenated in nearly quant. yields to the corresponding isopropoxypropanols (IPP) and 3- sec-butoxy-2-butanol (SBB) under mild conditions (T = 120-140°C, p(H2) = 40 bar) with high selectivity (>93%). Four products (TMD, ETMD, IPP and SBB) have been characterized as far as their phys. properties are concerned (d., melting/b.ps., viscosity, calorific value, evaporation rate, Antoine equation coefficients), as well as their solvent ones (Kamlet-Taft solvatochromic parameters, miscibility, and polymer solubilization). In the investigation of gasoline blending properties, TMD, ETMD, IPP and SBB have shown remarkable antiknock performance with blending antiknock indexes of 95.2, 92.7, 99.2 and 99.7 points, resp.

Molecules published new progress about 1193-11-9. 1193-11-9 belongs to dioxole, auxiliary class Dioxolanes, name is 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, and the molecular formula is C6H12O2, Safety of 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,3-Benzodioxole,
Dioxole | C3H4O2 – PubChem

Quivoron, Claude published the artcileSecondary structure of polysaccharides. I. Proton acceptor character of oxygen atoms present in an acetal function by ir spectroscopy, Recommanded Product: 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, the publication is Journal de Chimie Physique (1966), 63(9), 1199-209, database is CAplus.

In CCl4 solution, o-cresol gives H bond complexes with ethers, acetals, ether-acetals, and diacetals. Thermodynamic values K1, ΔG0, ΔH0, and ΔS0, characterizing these complexes were determined by ir spectroscopy. In the case of mols, containing several proton acceptor sites, it is possible to estimate intrinsic association constants which relate the participation of every heteroatom to the 1:1 complex equilibrium The acetal O atoms are probably the best proton acceptor sites contained in a polyglucosidic structure.

Journal de Chimie Physique published new progress about 1193-11-9. 1193-11-9 belongs to dioxole, auxiliary class Dioxolanes, name is 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, and the molecular formula is C6H12O2, Recommanded Product: 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,3-Benzodioxole,
Dioxole | C3H4O2 – PubChem

Quivoron, Claude published the artcileInvestigation, by infrared spectroscopy, of the proton-acceptor character of certain ethers and acetals, Name: 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, the publication is Compt. Rend. (1964), 259(11), 1845-7, database is CAplus.

For iso-Pr₂O, THF, tetrahydropyran, and dioxane, the proton acceptor character has been determined by measuring the intensity of the O-H band of the unassocd. ο-cresol (diluted in CCl₄) vs. that of the H-bonded compound after the proton acceptor was added. (A) For the monoethers, the stability is higher for cyclic than for iso-Pr complexes, (B) THF is a stronger acceptor than tetrahydropyran at room temperature, the trend being reversed at -10°, and (C) the accumulation of 2 acceptor sites in dioxane causes a decreasing of the intrinsic basicity of each, the effect being emphasized if 2 O are bonded to the same C as in cyclic formals. The presence of electrorepulsive groups has a partial opposite effect.

Compt. Rend. published new progress about 1193-11-9. 1193-11-9 belongs to dioxole, auxiliary class Dioxolanes, name is 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, and the molecular formula is C6H12O2, Name: 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,3-Benzodioxole,
Dioxole | C3H4O2 – PubChem

Ishida, Naoki published the artcileConstruction of indole skeletons by sequential actions of sunlight and rhodium on α-aminoacetophenones, Computed Properties of 503538-69-0, the publication is Chemistry Letters (2013), 42(9), 1076-1078, database is CAplus.

Indole skeletons were constructed from 2-(N-aryl-N-methylamino)acetophenone derivatives and a sequential action of solar radiation (sunlight) and a rhodium catalyst [bis[(1,2,5,6-η)-1,5-cyclooctadiene]di-μ-(hydroxy)dirhodium]. This method presents an example of the direct use of sunlight in organic synthesis. The synthesis of the target compounds was achieved using 2-(methylphenylamino)-1-(phenyl)ethanone (I) and related substances as starting materials. The target compounds thus formed included 1-methyl-3-phenyl-1H-indole (II) and related compounds 1,1′-[(4R)-2,2,2′,2′-Tetrafluoro[4,4′-bi-1,3-benzodioxole]-5,5′-diyl]bis[1,1-diphenylphosphine] [(R)-difluorphos] was used for an enantioselective synthesis variant toward the formation of chiral 2,3-dihydro-1-methyl-3-phenyl-1H-indol-3-ol and chiral 2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-phenyl-1H-indole-5-carboxylic acid Me ester.

Chemistry Letters published new progress about 503538-69-0. 503538-69-0 belongs to dioxole, auxiliary class (Atropisomeric Bisphosphine Ligands, name is (R)-5,5′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-2,2,2′,2′-tetrafluoro-4,4′-bi-1,3-benzodioxole, and the molecular formula is C38H24F4O4P2, Computed Properties of 503538-69-0.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,3-Benzodioxole,
Dioxole | C3H4O2 – PubChem

Wadamoto, Manabu published the artcileStereochemical Studies of Ag-Catalyzed Hosomi-Sakurai Reaction Using Chiral Silanes, Related Products of dioxole, the publication is European Journal of Organic Chemistry (2009), 5132-5133, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Stereochem. aspect of asym. Ag-catalyzed Hosomi-Sakurai reaction with ketones was studied. Several allyltrimethoxysilanes were synthesized and used for the asym. reaction. Remarkably, among several possible diastereomers only two are generated with high levels of diastereo- and enantioselectivities. Based on the observations for different allyltrimethoxysilanes, the authors hypothesize formation of a single allylsilver species which undergoes addition to the ketone.(© KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009). Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co.

European Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about 503538-69-0. 503538-69-0 belongs to dioxole, auxiliary class (Atropisomeric Bisphosphine Ligands, name is (R)-5,5′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-2,2,2′,2′-tetrafluoro-4,4′-bi-1,3-benzodioxole, and the molecular formula is C14H23N, Related Products of dioxole.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,3-Benzodioxole,
Dioxole | C3H4O2 – PubChem

Kanai, Shunsuke published the artcileA bifunctional cerium phosphate catalyst for chemoselective acetalization, Recommanded Product: 1,4-Dioxaspiro[4.5]decane, the publication is Chemical Science (2017), 8(4), 3146-3153, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

In this study, a CePO₄ catalyst was synthesized using a hydrothermal method and found to exhibit high catalytic performance for the chemoselective acetalization of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural with alcs., in sharp contrast to other homogeneous and heterogeneous acid and/or base catalysts. In the presence of CePO₄, various combinations of carbonyl compounds and alcs. are efficiently converted into the corresponding acetal derivatives in good to excellent yields. Mechanistic studies show that CePO₄ most likely acts as a bifunctional catalyst through the interaction of uniform Lewis acid and weak base sites with 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and alc. mols., resp., which results in high catalytic performance.

Chemical Science published new progress about 177-10-6. 177-10-6 belongs to dioxole, auxiliary class Dioxolane,Spiro, name is 1,4-Dioxaspiro[4.5]decane, and the molecular formula is C8H14O2, Recommanded Product: 1,4-Dioxaspiro[4.5]decane.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,3-Benzodioxole,
Dioxole | C3H4O2 – PubChem

Lamb, Thomas published the artcilePod-based menthol and tobacco flavored e-cigarettes cause mitochondrial dysfunction in lung epithelial cells, HPLC of Formula: 1193-11-9, the publication is Toxicology Letters (2020), 303-311, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Current FDA regulations have resulted in a ban of flavored e-cigarette pods, with only menthol and tobacco flavored pods being exempted. Previous work using menthol and tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes have been shown to induce mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. We hypothesized that exposure to pod-based JUUL Menthol and Virginia Tobacco aerosols will alter mitochondrial respiration and electron transport chain protein levels. We determined mitochondrial respiration by using a Seahorse technique and electron transport chain complexes by total OXPHOS antibodies after exposing lung epithelial cells, Beas-2b, to pod-based Menthol and Virginia Tobacco flavored aerosols. Menthol pod exposure resulted in an immediate increase in proton leak and decrease in coupling efficiency, as well as a decrease in complex I, II, and IV. Menthol pod exposure twenty-four hour post-exposure resulted in a decrease in basal respiration, maximal respiration, and spare capacity, as well as a decrease in complex I. Tobacco pod exposure resulted in no significant alterations to mitochondrial respiration, but immediately post final exposure resulted in a significant increase in complex I, IV, and V. Our results indicate that exposure to Menthol flavored e-cigarette pods cause mitochondrial dysfunction in lung epithelial cells.

Toxicology Letters published new progress about 1193-11-9. 1193-11-9 belongs to dioxole, auxiliary class Dioxolanes, name is 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, and the molecular formula is C6H12O2, HPLC of Formula: 1193-11-9.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,3-Benzodioxole,
Dioxole | C3H4O2 – PubChem

Ween, M. P. published the artcileE-cigarettes and health risks: more to the flavor than just the name, Name: 2-Methoxy-4-(4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenol, the publication is American Journal of Physiology (2021), 320(4), L600-L614, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The growing interest in regulating flavored E-liquids must incorporate understanding of the “flavoring profile” of each E-liquid-which flavorings (flavoring chems.) are present and at what concentrations not just focusing on the flavor on the label. We investigated the flavoring profile of 10 different flavored E-liquids We assessed bronchial epithelial cell viability and apoptosis, phagocytosis of bacteria and apoptotic cells by macrophages after exposure to E-cigarette vapor extract (EVE). We validated our data in normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) and alveolar macrophages (AM) from healthy donors. We also assessed cytokine release and validated in the saliva from E-cigarette users. Increased necrosis/apoptosis (16.1-64.5% apoptosis) in 16HBE cells was flavor dependent, and NHBEs showed an increased susceptibility to flavors. In THP-1 differentiated macrophages phagocytosis was also flavor dependent, with AM also showing increased susceptibility to flavors. Further, Banana and Chocolate were shown to reduce surface expression of phagocytic target recognition receptors on alveolar macrophages. Banana and Chocolate increased IL-8 secretion by NHBE, whereas all 4 flavors reduced AM IL-1β secretion, which was also reduced in the saliva of E-cigarette users compared with healthy controls. Flavorant profiles of E-liquids varied from simple 2 compound mixtures to complex mixtures containing over a dozen flavorants. E-liquids with high benzene content, complex flavoring profiles, high chem. concentration had the greatest impacts. The Flavorant profile of E-liquids is key to disruption of the airway status quo by increasing bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis, causing alveolar macrophage phagocytic dysfunction, and altering airway cytokines.

American Journal of Physiology published new progress about 68527-74-2. 68527-74-2 belongs to dioxole, auxiliary class Dioxolane,Benzene,Phenol,Ether, name is 2-Methoxy-4-(4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenol, and the molecular formula is C5H5NO3S, Name: 2-Methoxy-4-(4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenol.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,3-Benzodioxole,
Dioxole | C3H4O2 – PubChem