Hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae using Fe3O4 nanostructures as efficient catalyst for the production of bio-oil: Optimization of reaction parameters by response surface methodology was written by Kandasamy, Sabariswaran;Zhang, Bo;He, Zhixia;Chen, Haitao;Feng, Huan;Wang, Qian;Wang, Bin;Bhuvanendran, Narayanamoorthy;Esakkimuthu, Sivakumar;Ashokkumar, Veeramuthu;Krishnamoorthi, M.. And the article was included in Biomass and Bioenergy in 2019.Reference of 177-10-6 This article mentions the following:
The aim of the present work was focused on optimizing the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of Spirulina platensis catalyzed by Fe3O4 nanostructures to enhance the bio-oil yield and quality of bio-oil using response surface methodol. (RSM). The structural morphol. and crystalline nature of the synthesized catalyst was determined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Three of the vital reaction parameters such as temperature, holding time and catalyst dosage were optimized through central composite design. A maximum bio-oil yield of 32.33% was observed for the high temperature at 320°C, 0.75 g of catalyst dosage and 37 min of resident time. The maximum conversion was found at a lower temperature of 272°C, the bio-oil yield of 27.66% was obtained with 0.45 g of catalyst dosage and 24 min of holding time which is an energy efficient optimum condition. The maximum bio-oil yield was influenced at a lower temperature due to the high catalytic activity. While compared to higher temperatures were not much influence was observed It clearly states that the catalyst dosage playing a critical role in the lower temperature HTL reaction. GC-MS and FT-IR anal. of the produced bio-oil exhibits significant characteristics for biofuel applications. The Fe3O4 catalyst was recyclable for up to eight repeated cycles and constant bio-oil yield for the last four cycles. It shows the excellent reproduction ability towards HTL of Spirulina sp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dioxaspiro[4.5]decane (cas: 177-10-6Reference of 177-10-6).
1,4-Dioxaspiro[4.5]decane (cas: 177-10-6) belongs to dioxole derivatives. Dioxoles, particularly fluorinated dioxoles, are used as co-monomers to make polymers that find use in forming protective coatings for chemical resistance. Dioxole functionalized metal-organic frameworks have also been recently reported.Reference of 177-10-6
Referemce:
1,3-Benzodioxole – Wikipedia,
Dioxole | C3H4O2 – PubChem