The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Biosynthesis of penicillins. VI. N-2-Hydroxyethyl amides of some polycyclic and heterocyclic acetic acids as precursors》. Authors are Jones, Reuben G.; Soper, Quentin F.; Behrens, Otto K.; Corse, Joseph W..The article about the compound:2-Bromo-6-(bromomethyl)naphthalenecas:305798-02-1,SMILESS:BrCC1=CC2=CC=C(Br)C=C2C=C1).Name: 2-Bromo-6-(bromomethyl)naphthalene. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:305798-02-1) is conveyed.
2,6-MeC10H6NH2 (78 g.) in 80 mL. concentrated HCl and 200 mL. H2O at 0°, treated at 5° with 35 g. NaNO2 in 50 mL. H2O and, after 0.5 h., with 130 g. ice-cold 42% HBF4, gives 90% of the 2-diazonium fluoroborate, decomposition of which yields 69% 2-methyl-6-fluoronaphthalene (I), m. 77°. I (40 g.) at 210°, treated (15 min.) with 40 g. Br (with illumination with a 100-w. lamp), gives 82% 2-(bromomethyl)-6-fluoronaphthalene (II), b2 125-30°, m. 53°. II (48 g.), added to a refluxing solution of 30 g. KCN in 60 mL. H2O and 200 mL. EtOH, the EtOH removed after refluxing 4 h., 500 mL. H2O added, the solution extracted with ether, and the residue from the ether boiled 5 h. with 40 g. KOH in 40 mL. H2O and 200 mL. EtOH, gives 74% 6-fluoro-2-naphthaleneacetic acid, m. 138-9° (Me ester, b2 163-6°, m. 48-9°). 2,6-MeC10H6NH2 (63 g.) in 100 mL. H2O and 700 g. 48% HBr, treated (3-4 h.) at 5° with 45 g. NaNO2 in 75 mL. H2O and the diazonium solution poured (10 min.) into 170 g. CuBr in 800 mL. 48% HBr at 70-80°, gives 40% 6-bromo-2-methylnaphthalene (III), m. 142° III yields 80% 6-bromo-2-(bromomethyl)naphthalene, m. 124-5° this gives 69% 6-bromo-2-naphthaleneacetic acid, m. 175-6° (Me ester, b2 187-93°, m. 67-9°). 3,2-ClC10H6CHO (32.5 g.), 35 g. hippuric acid, 14.5 g. anhydrous AcONa, and 50 mL. Ac2O, heated on the steam bath 1 h., give 75% 2-phenyl-4-(3-chloro-2-naphthylmethylene)-5(4H)-oxazolone (IV), bright yellow, m. 192° 40 g. IV in 200 mL. 10% NaOH, refluxed 9 h., the mixture diluted to 1500 mL. with H2O, washed with ether, the aqueous solution treated with 20 mL. 12.5 N NaOH and 15 mL. 30% H2O2, allowed to stand overnight, the filtrate acidified with HCl, extracted with ether-C6H6, and the residue esterified, gives 37% Me 3-chloro-2-naphthaleneacetate, b2 163-5°, m. 49-50° the free acid m. 193-4°. 6,2-MeOC10H6Ac (100 g.), 25.5 g. S, and 87 g. morpholine, heated 18 h. at 140°, part of the morpholine removed in vacuo, 250 mL. AcOH and 350 mL. concentrated HCl added, and the mixture refluxed 24 h., give 67% 6-methoxy-2-naphthaleneacetic acid, m. 203-5° (Me ester, b1 192-3°, m. 86°, 73%). 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-2-acetonaphthone (50 g.), 13 g. S, and 40 mL. morpholine, refluxed overnight, 400 mL. concentrated HCl and 300 mL. H2O added, and the mixture again refluxed overnight, followed by esterification with EtOH and H2SO4, give Et 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthaleneacetate, b0.5 140-3°. 2-Acetylphenanthrene (13.2 g.), 3.2 g. S, and 10.5 g. morpholine, heated 15 h. at 160°, the mixture treated with 150 mL. AcOH and 36% HCl, and refluxed 24 h., give 81% 2-phenanthreneacetic acid, m. 187-8° the 3-isomer m. 174-5°, 84% (Me ester, b1.5 203-5°, 89%). 8-(Bromomethyl)quinoline (120 g.) in 250 mL. warm EtOH, added (0.5 h.) to 50 g. KCN in 100 mL. warm H2O and the mixture refluxed 1.5 h., gives 78% 8-(cyanomethyl)quinoline, m. 86-7°; hydrolysis with aqueous alc. KOH and esterification give 91% Et 8-quinolineacetate, b3 158-60°. Et 3-quinolinecarboxylate (70 g.), 62 g. AcOEt, and EtONa (12 g. Na and 0.52 mol absolute EtOH) in 100 cc. dry C6H6, refluxed 20 h., the cooled solution poured onto ice, diluted to 5 l. with H2O, treated with 50 mL. 12 N NaOH, washed with two 300 mL. portions of ether, and the aqueous solution neutralized with dilute H2SO4 and extracted with two 500-mL. portions of ether, give 75% Et 3-quinolylformylacetate, m. 84° 27 g. of the keto ester in 125 g. 25% H2SO4, heated 30 min. at 100°, gives 95% 3-acetylquinoline (V). V (7 g.), 5 g. S, 50 mL. (NH4)2S, and 25 mL. H2O, heated 20 h. at 145-50°, the residue extracted with two 300-mL. portions boiling 5% HCl, the solution refluxed 3 h., and the crude acid esterified, give 19% Et 3-quinolineacetate, b2.5 140-2°. pH2NC6H4CH2CO2H (46 g.), 10.5 g. FeSO4, 115 g. C3H5(OH)3, 23 g. PhNO2, and 53 mL. concentrated H2SO4, boiled 5 h., give 37 g. crude acid which, esterified with EtOH and HCl, gives 39% Et 6-quinolineacetate, b3 160° the free acid (VI) m. 218-20°. Et 6-quinolinecarboxylate and AcOEt, condensed with EtONa, give 87% Et 6-quinolineacetate, hydrolysis of which with 25% H2SO4 at 100° gives 90% 6-acetylquinoline, m. 76° the Willgerodt reaction gives 87.5% VI. 3,4 O2N(H2N)C6H3CO2H (108 g.) in 350 mL. concentrated HCl, treated with 125 g. Sn in portions (temperature below 90°), gives 87% (3,4-diaminophenyl)acetic acid-2HCl (VII), m. 222-4° (decomposition); Et ester-2HCl (VIII), m. 185-7° (decomposition); 3 g. VII and 20 mL. 98-100% HCO2H, heated several hrs., give 100% 5-benzimidazoleacetic acid-HCl, m. 240-2° the Et ester m. 65-6°, 75%. VIII (14 g.) in 200 mL. ice H2O, treated with excess COCl2, gives 95% Et 2-hydroxy-5-benzimidazoleacetate, m. 208-9°. NCCH2CO2Et (113 g.) and 15 g. (HOCH2CH2)3N in 100 mL. absolute EtOH, treated with a slow stream of H2S, the mixture poured after 5 days into ice-H2O, and 38 g. of the resulting oil and 23.1 g. ClCH2Ac in 300 cc. anhydrous ether kept 4 days, give 20.6 g. Et 4-methyl-2-thiazoleacetate, b17 136-9°. Thiaxanthydrol (42 g.), 30 g. CH2(CO2H)2, and 80 mL. C5H5N, heated 2 h. at 60-70° and 2 h. at 90-5° and the liquid poured into 600 mL. 2 N HCl, give 90% 9-thiaxantheneacetic acid, m. 167-8° (Me ester, b2 182-4°). The Ag salt of 2-benzylimidazole (53 g.) and 50 g. BrCH2CO2Et in 200 mL. xylene, refluxed 48 h., give 25.4% of the Et ester, m. 70-70.5°, of 2-benzyl-1-imidazoleacetic acid, m. 173-4°. Me 1-acenaphtheneacetate, b4 176-8°. N-2-Thienylacetyl-DL-valine m. 110-12°. Amides were prepared by heating the Me or Et ester of the various acids with a slight excess of HOCH2CH2NH2 at 100-150° for several hrs.; R in RCH2CONHCH2CH2OH is given, together with S (see part V). 2-C10H7 m. 125-7°, S 1.3; 1-bromo-2-naphthalene m. 155-6°, S 0.5; 6-fluoro-2-naphthalene m. 145-6°, S 1.2; 3-chloro-2-naphthalene m. 150-1°, S 0.3; 6-bromo-2-naphthalene m. 167-8°, S 0.9; 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthalene m. 88-90°, S 0.9; 1-nitro-2-naphthalene m. 154-5°, S 0.9; 6-methoxy-2-naphthalene m. 160°, S 1.1; 1-acenaphthene m. 160°, S 1.1; 9-fluorene m. 127-8°, S 0.7; 2-phenanthrene m. 135-7°, S 0.5; 3-isomer m. 133-5°, S 0.5; 1-pyrrole m. 85-7°, S 0.9; 2-thiophene m. 66-7°, S 1.8; 2-furan oil, S 0.4; 2,6-dihydroxy-5-pyrimidine m. 271-2°, S 1; 2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-pyrimidine m. 184°, S 0.9; 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl m. 99-100°, S 1; 2-methyl-4-thiazole m. 93-4°, S 0.85; 4-methyl-2-thiazole m. 80-2°, S 0.9; 2-pyridine m. 93-4°, S 1; 3-isomer m. 94° S 1; 6-methyl-2-pyridine m. 49-50°, S 1; 2-benzyl-1-imidazole m. 177-9°, S 1; 3-quinoline m. 151-2°, S 1; 6-isomer m. 135°, S 1; 8-isomer m. 92-3°, S 1; 2-benzimidazole m. 185-90°, S 1; 5-isomer m. 160-2°, S 1; 2-hydroxy-5-benzimidazole m. 245-6°, S 1; 7-hydroxy-4-coumarin m. 114-16°, S 1; 9-xanthene m. 157-8°, S 0.8; 9-thiaxanthene m. 148-9°, S 0.7; 5-hydantoin m. 160-2°, S 0.9. Only a few of these compounds appeared to be utilized readily by the mold for the formation of new penicillins. Several of the compounds appeared to effect some increase in penicillin yield or to change the differential assay value of the crude penicillin produced in their presence.
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Reference:
1,3-Benzodioxole – Wikipedia,
Dioxole | C3H4O2 – PubChem